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Guideline for Management of GHG and Fugitive Emissions from Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Operations

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NIGERIAN MIDSTREAM AND
* DOWNSTREAM PETROLEUM
;
:
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REGULATORY AUTHORITY (NIMDPRA)
Applicable to all Midstream and Downstream
Petroleum Operations
GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF GREEN HOUSE GASES (GHG)
AND FUGITIVE EMISSIONS FROM MIDSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM
PETROLEUM OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA
_
p.
Facilities include all buildings, structures, or installations which:
i.
Are under the same ownership or operation, or which are owned or operated
by entities which are under common control.
i.
Are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties.
q.
Fugitive Emissions (oil and natural gas systems) The intentional or unintentional release
of greenhouse gases that occur during the exploration, processing and delivery of fossil
fuels
to the point
of final
use.
This excludes greenhouse gas emissions from
fuel
combustion for the production of useful heat or power. It encompasses venting, flaring,
and leaks.
fr.
Fugitive Emissions Component: Any component that has the potential to emit fugitive
emissions of methane or Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) including but not limited
to a valve, fitting, flange, threaded-connection, process drain, stuffing box, pressure-
vacuum, valve, pipe, seal fiuid system, diaphragm, hatch, thief hatch on a controlled
storage vessel, sight-glass, meter, and open-ended line.
s.
Green House Gases (GHG): Greenhouse gases are those gaseous constituents
of
the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at
specific wavelengths within the spectrum of terrestrial radiation emitted by the Earth’s
surface, the atmosphere itself and by clouds. This property causes the greenhouse
effect.
Water
vapor
(H2O}, carbon
dioxide
(COz), nitrous
oxide
(N2O), methane
(CH«) and ozone (Os) are the primary GHGs
in the Earth's atmosphere. There are a
number of entirely human-made GHGs in the atmosphere, such as halocarbons and
other
chlorine-
and
bromine-containing
substances,
Sulphur
hexafluoride
(SFe),
hydrofiuorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
t.
Global Warming Potential (GWP):
Defined
as
an
index,
describing
the
radiative
characteristics of well mixed GHGs, that represents the combined effect of the differing
times
these
gases remain
in
the atmosphere and
their relative
effectiveness
in
absorbing outgoing infrared radiation. This index approximates the time-integrated
warming effect of a unit mass of a given greenhouse gas in today’s atmosphere,
relative to that of carbon dioxide (COz) [TAR) of the IPCC]
U.
Leaks: Leaks are the unintentional releases of natural gas from equioment used in oll
and gas operations. They are typically caused by mechanical (vibration) and thermal
stresses, loss of tightness or wear of mechanical joints, seals, and rotating surfaces over
time.
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